Brazil–Bangladesh Trade Overview

Md. Joynal Abdin
Founder & Chief Executive Officer, Trade & Investment Bangladesh (T&IB)
Executive Director, Online Training Academy (OTA)
Secretary General, Brazil Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce & Industry (BBCCI)

Brazil’s trade with Bangladesh remains modest but is growing steadily. In 2024, Brazil imported about US$257 million in goods from Bangladesh (mostly garments)[1]. Bangladesh’s exports to Brazil jumped 26% in FY2024–25 to roughly $187 million (from $147 million in 2023–24)[2]. (By contrast, Brazil’s exports to Bangladesh were about $2.66 billion in 2023–24[3].) These figures show expanding market opportunities: Brazilian consumers (a growing middle class of over 100 million) are increasingly importing apparel, textiles, processed foods, jute, and other value-added goods. At the same time, Bangladeshi exporters must carefully navigate Brazil’s complex import rules and customs procedures to succeed in this market[1][2].

Brazil’s 2025 Import Regulations

Brazil has no general quotas on imports, but all shipments must comply with its regulatory framework and classification systems. Import registration (SISCOMEX/RADAR): Every Brazilian importer must register in the Federal Foreign Trade Integrated System (SISCOMEX) managed by SECEX (the Foreign Trade Secretariat)[4]. Importers also need a valid RADAR license (Foreign Trade Operations License) to use SISCOMEX[5][6]. In practice, Bangladeshi exporters work through a local Brazilian partner (importer or distributor) who holds this registration and RADAR authorization. For shipments requiring special permits, import licenses must be obtained via SISCOMEX – typically before shipment (some urgent cases can be granted after arrival but before clearance)[7][5].

Product-specific approvals: Certain product categories face extra Brazilian controls. For example, foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and any item “that may affect the human body” must be registered with ANVISA (Brazil’s health regulatory agency) and accompanied by an ANVISA health certificate[8][9]. Plant- and animal-based goods (spices, agricultural produce, animal hides, etc.) need MAPA (Ministry of Agriculture) registration and a phytosanitary or fumigation certificate issued by the exporting country[10]. Electronics, appliances or toys must have INMETRO conformity certification, and telecom equipment requires ANATEL approval[11]. Failure to meet these requirements can block clearance or invite penalties. As of 2025, Brazil is also transitioning to a new

Single Window import system: the DUIMP (Declaração Única de Importação) portal. By end-2025 all import declarations (formerly separate licenses and DI forms) will be handled through Portal Único, streamlining approvals[12][13].

Classification and duties: Brazil uses the Mercosur Common Nomenclature (NCM) based on the international HS code. Bangladeshi exporters should ensure correct HS/NCM classification, as the code determines all import taxes and licensing. Tariffs vary by product (commonly 0–35%), plus VAT/ICMS and other levies (import duty, PIS/COFINS, etc.). Bangladesh currently has no free trade agreement with Brazil, so exports must pay the standard Mercosur tariffs[14][15]. (Bangladesh has discussed Mercosur trade talks, but no formal PTA is in force.) Crucially, all information, product description, value, origin – must be accurate and consistent on every document. Even minor mismatches trigger inspections and fines[16][17].

Brazil–Bangladesh Trade Overview — Made in Bangladesh Expo 2025 in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Customs Clearance for Sea Shipments

Bangladeshi exports to Brazil almost always travel by container vessel. After unloading at a Brazilian seaport, the importer (via a customs broker) processes a customs declaration through SISCOMEX/Portal Único. The key stages include documentation pre-clearance, physical arrival, inspection, and release.

Major container ships dock at Santos and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil’s busiest ports, which have modern automated handling systems[18]. Efficient clearance requires complete and accurate documentation, typically just the bill of lading, commercial invoice and certificate of origin for sea freight[19], to prevent costly delays or inspections. Importers should register shipments in Brazil’s SISCOMEX system and request ample port free-time (21–30 days) before arrival to avoid demurrage charges[20][17]. Partnering with experienced local customs brokers ensures compliance with regulations and helps resolve any holds or discrepancies quickly[17][21].

Upon vessel arrival, the customs broker or freight forwarder files the Import Declaration (Declaração de Importação, DI) in SISCOMEX or its Single Window portal. Brazilian customs uses a selective inspection system (Green/Yellow/Red/Gray channels). Green channel means automatic release (rare), while Red channel (about 7–15 days) triggers full inspection[16]. Delays often result from incomplete paperwork or mismatch between documents and the actual cargo[22][16]. To minimize problems, ensure that all details (HS code, product description, consignee name/Tax ID, values) match exactly across documents and the SISCOMEX entry[16][19].

Required Documents

Brazil requires a set of standard documents for customs clearance by sea. The table below summarizes the principal documents and their purposes:

Document	Purpose/Notes
Commercial Invoice	Detailed invoice (in English or Portuguese) with description, quantity, unit prices, total value, seller/buyer details and Incoterms[23]. Must match packing list and import declaration.
Packing List	Lists contents of each package/container (item, qty, weight, dimensions, packaging type)[24]. Used for customs inspection and cargo verification.
Bill of Lading (B/L)	Original ocean transport document (not a telex). Includes shipment details, freight terms, consignee’s tax ID (CNPJ/CPF) and HS/NCM code[25]. Used to verify carrier, route and consignee before unloading.
Certificate of Origin	Issued by a Chamber of Commerce in Bangladesh. Though Bangladesh has no special tariff deal, this certifies origin and may be required by customs[26][19].
Import License/Permit	If applicable for regulated goods (see above). Some products (pharma, agrochemicals, etc.) need an official import license or approval from ANVISA/MAPA prior to shipment[7][5].
ANVISA Health Certificate	For food, beverages, cosmetics, drugs or medical devices. Issued by Bangladesh’s health authority to meet Brazilian health/sanitary requirements[9].
Phytosanitary Certificate	For plant-based or animal products (spices, fruits, leaves, leather, etc.). Issued by Bangladesh’s agriculture/quarantine authority to certify absence of pests[10].
INMETRO/ANATEL Certificates	For electronics, toys, telecom equipment, etc., as required. Certifies Brazilian technical conformity[11].
Insurance Policy	Copy of marine insurance covering the shipment (if any)[27]. Used in case of claims and sometimes required for customs valuation.
Other (e.g. EUR.1, Romaneio)	Depending on the case: e.g. cargo manifest (“romaneio”) or consular documents if requested. Note: absence of required forms (like a manifest) can incur fines[28].

Each document must be consistent. For example, HS codes on the invoice/B/L must match the entry in SISCOMEX[25][19]. Labels or product descriptions should use clear English or Portuguese terms. Brazilian customs checks that values are correctly declared (CIF currency, usually USD or BRL) and that all mandatory forms are present.

Market Entry Strategies for Bangladeshi SMEs in Brazil — Brazil Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce & Industry (BBCCI)

Compliance and Common Pitfalls

Brazilian import regulations are detailed and strictly enforced. Key compliance points for Bangladeshi exporters include:

Exact Matching of Documents: As noted, any discrepancy (even a misspelled name or wrong NCM code) can trigger inspection or detention[16]. Ensure invoice details, packing lists, and the importer’s SISCOMEX entry all align perfectly.
Correct HS/NCM Classification: Assigning the wrong code is a common pitfall. An incorrect NCM on the invoice draws at least a 1% fine on the shipment’s value (minimum BRL500)[29]. Worse, if customs finds a lower-tax code was used, the importer may owe back-taxes plus penalties (often 75–150% of the tax difference)[29]. Work with knowledgeable classification specialists to avoid these errors.
Import Licenses and Registrations: Forgetting to obtain required import licenses or product registrations can halt clearance. For example, importing certain agrochemicals or pharmaceuticals without MAPA/ANVISA permits is illegal. The penalty for missing an import license can be a fine up to 30% of the customs value[30].
Language and Labeling: While documents can be in English, using Portuguese on labels or forms can speed processing. Mislabeling or missing translations (e.g. ingredients on food) may invite sanitary rejections.
Undervaluation or Hidden Costs: Under-declaring the price or value of goods is risky. If customs suspects undervaluation (e.g. abnormally low price), it can reassess taxes and levy fines or interest. Always declare true invoice values.
Cargo Description: Vague descriptions (“textile products”) should be avoided. Detailed product names help customs apply the right rules. Generic descriptions can lead to classification disputes.

In practice, errors in paperwork are a major cause of delays in Brazil[17]. Working with a qualified customs broker is strongly advised; many Brazilian importers will not proceed without one. A good broker ensures all forms and licenses are obtained and advises on labeling or packaging requirements.

Penalties for Non-Compliance and Resolving Delays

Brazil imposes strict penalties on import violations. Fines vary by infraction: for example, an incorrect HS code incurs a 1% customs-value fine (min ~US$250), while deliberate undervaluation or fraud can result in a 75–150% penalty of the tax due[29]. Other penalties include: 30% fine on customs value for missing or late import licenses[30]; R$10,000 fine + possible suspension for contempt of customs authority[30]; or even confiscation of goods. In extreme cases of severe fraud, an entire shipment’s value (100%) can be forfeited[31]. Brazilian authorities may also seize goods indefinitely if documentation is grossly inadequate or illegal.

To resolve a customs hold or fine, the importer typically must correct the error and pay the penalty. For minor documentation issues, one can often resubmit corrected paperwork via SISCOMEX and request re-inspection. If a phytosanitary or health certificate is found missing, a special quarantine or ANVISA inspection may be required (possibly incurring storage costs). In practice, exporters should stay in close contact with their importer/broker: if customs requests additional documents, provide them immediately. It may involve: obtaining the missing certificate, issuing a consular invoice, or adjusting the declared value.

Avoiding delays: The best strategy is proactive. As mentioned, ensure all documents are accurate before shipping. The importer should also apply for free-time extension at the port of arrival (typically 21–30 days) as early as possible[20]. This gives extra time to clear customs without incurring demurrage charges. If a shipment is selected for Red channel inspection, expect 1–2 weeks delay; plan accordingly (especially for perishables). Utilizing the new Portal Único/DUI MP system and Brazil’s Authorized Economic Operator programs (with mutually recognized status with Bangladesh) can further expedite trusted-shipper shipments.

In all cases, strong coordination between the Bangladeshi exporter, freight forwarder, customs broker, and Brazilian importer is key. Keeping copies of all correspondence and using licensed professionals will minimize risks. As one Brazil trading guide notes, “products are often delayed by minor errors in paperwork” – getting the paperwork right is the simplest way to keep goods moving[17].

[1] Untapped Brazilian Consumer Trends for Bangladeshi Exporters – Brazil Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce & Industry (BBCCI)

https://brazilbangladeshchamber.com/untapped-brazilian-consumer-trends-for-bangladeshi-exporters/

[2] [3] Bangladesh’s export to Brazil up 26% in FY25 | The Business Standard

https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/bangladeshs-export-brazil-26-fy25-1224566

[4] [7] [8] Brazil – Import Requirements and Documentation

https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/brazil-import-requirements-and-documentation

[5] [6] [9] [10] [11] [16] [20] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] Brazil Customs Clearance: Required Import Documents & Procedures – Poleview Group