How to Find Brazilian Buyers for Bangladeshi Garments, Textiles and Denim
Md. Joynal Abdin
Business Consultant | Entrepreneur | International Trade Specialist
Founder & Chief Executive Officer, Trade & Investment Bangladesh (T&IB)
Secretary General, Brazil Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce & Industry (BBCCI)
Bangladesh is one of the world’s leading apparel manufacturing and exporting countries, with established capabilities in ready-made garments (RMG), knitwear, woven fabrics, denim, home textiles and value-added textile products. Brazil, meanwhile, represents an important market for clothing, fashion products, fabrics and industrial textile inputs, offering opportunities for international suppliers that can meet its commercial, technical and regulatory requirements.
For Bangladeshi exporters, the challenge is not simply producing high-quality garments at competitive prices. It is identifying the right Brazilian importers, understanding local purchasing requirements, approaching decision-makers, calculating the true landed cost, and building relationships that lead to repeat orders.
Finding Brazilian buyers for Bangladeshi garments, textiles and denim requires a targeted export strategy rather than mass emailing or relying exclusively on online marketplaces. Exporters that combine buyer research, Portuguese-language communication, product-specific marketing, trade fairs, business matchmaking and consistent follow-up can improve their chances of entering the Brazilian market.
This comprehensive guide explains how Bangladeshi garment manufacturers, textile mills and denim exporters can identify Brazilian buyers, establish commercial relationships, negotiate orders and develop a sustainable export business.
1. Why Should Bangladeshi Garment and Textile Exporters Target Brazil?
Brazil is Latin America’s largest economy and has a substantial consumer market, a developed fashion industry, domestic clothing manufacturers, retail chains and a broad distribution network. Its apparel market serves diverse consumer segments, from value-oriented fashion to premium clothing, sportswear, workwear and designer products.
Brazilian buyers may source internationally when imported products offer the right combination of price, quality, production capacity, design, reliability and delivery performance.
Bangladesh has several potential competitive advantages:
- Established garment manufacturing: Experience in producing T-shirts, polo shirts, shirts, trousers, sweaters, jackets, dresses and other apparel.
- Denim expertise: Capabilities in denim fabrics, jeans, jackets, shirts, workwear and selected fashion applications.
- Textile manufacturing: Production of knitted and woven fabrics, yarn-based products and selected home textiles.
- Scalable production: The ability of suitable manufacturers to handle repeat orders and larger production volumes.
- Export experience: Familiarity with international quality requirements, buyer inspections, shipment documentation and production planning.
- Product development: Opportunities to provide customized designs, fabric specifications, washes, finishes, private-label production and OEM manufacturing.
However, exporters should not assume that low manufacturing costs alone will guarantee success. Brazilian buyers may have established suppliers, local sourcing arrangements, specific consumer preferences and detailed import-cost requirements.
The strongest approach is to identify buyer segments where a Bangladeshi supplier can demonstrate a clear commercial advantage.
2. Which Brazilian Buyers Should Bangladeshi Exporters Target?
Before searching for buyers, determine which type of company is most likely to purchase your products. A denim fabric manufacturer, a fashion retailer and a garment importer have different sourcing requirements.
1. Clothing importers and wholesalers
These companies import finished garments and distribute them to independent retailers, regional wholesalers, online sellers and smaller fashion businesses. They may be suitable buyers for T-shirts, polo shirts, shirts, trousers, knitwear and casual clothing.
2. Fashion brands and private-label businesses
Brazilian fashion labels may seek overseas factories for exclusive collections, private-label garments and contract manufacturing. Relevant prospects include brands selling casualwear, sportswear, children’s clothing, women’s apparel and men’s fashion.
3. Denim manufacturers and denim fabric buyers
Target companies that produce jeans, denim jackets, shirts, uniforms and other denim products. Depending on their business model, they may buy finished garments, denim fabric or specialized fabric products.
4. Textile mills and fabric distributors
These companies may purchase imported fabrics for garment production, resale or specialized applications. Exporters should identify whether the prospect actually imports finished fabrics or primarily manufactures them domestically.
5. Sportswear, uniform and workwear companies
Companies supplying activewear, corporate uniforms, industrial workwear and institutional clothing may offer opportunities for technically suitable knitwear, woven garments and denim products.
Practical tip: Start with one or two buyer segments rather than approaching every Brazilian clothing company. A factory specializing in five-pocket denim jeans, for example, should prioritize denim brands, jeans importers and private-label buyers before approaching unrelated retailers.
3. Use International Trade Data to Identify Brazilian Importers
One of the most effective ways to find Brazilian buyers is to study actual international trade flows. Instead of collecting random company names, exporters should identify businesses that import the relevant product categories and then investigate their purchasing activities.
Step 1: Identify the correct HS codes
The Harmonized System (HS) classifies internationally traded products. Different garments and textile materials have different codes, so exporters should identify the appropriate code for each product.
| Product category | Common HS heading |
| Knitted or crocheted apparel | HS 61 |
| Woven apparel and clothing accessories | HS 62 |
| Cotton and cotton fabrics | HS 52 |
| Man-made filament fabrics and related products | HS 54 |
| Staple fibres and related textile products | HS 55 |
| Denim garments | Usually HS 61 or 62, depending on construction and product type |
These are broad headings, not definitive classifications. The exact code depends on the garment, fibre composition, construction and other product characteristics.
Step 2: Research Brazil’s import market
Use the following resources to investigate demand and identify promising product categories:
- ITC Trade Map — https://www.trademap.org/
- UN Comtrade — https://comtradeplus.un.org/
- Brazil’s Siscomex — https://www.gov.br/siscomex/pt-br/informacoes/importacao
Look at Brazil’s import values, quantities, growth trends, supplier countries and product categories over several years. Compare Bangladesh with competing supplier countries, and examine whether Brazilian imports are increasing, stable or declining.
Trade data may not identify individual buyers directly, particularly when company-level customs records are not publicly accessible. Nevertheless, it can help you select the right products and narrow your prospecting efforts.
Step 3: Build a targeted importer database
For every potential buyer, record:
- Company name and official website.
- City and state in Brazil.
- Product categories and brands represented.
- Whether the company is an importer, wholesaler, retailer or manufacturer.
- Procurement manager, sourcing director or purchasing department contact.
- Verified business email and professional contact information.
- Evidence of international sourcing, where available.
- Potential product fit, estimated order size and next follow-up date.
Practical tip: Build a list of 100 carefully selected prospects rather than sending the same message to 1,000 unrelated companies. A smaller, relevant database usually makes personalization, verification and follow-up much more manageable.
4. Find Brazilian Buyers Through B2B Platforms and Business Directories
Online B2B platforms can help exporters discover potential buyers, distributors and sourcing agents. However, registering on a platform is only the first step. The real work is qualifying leads and initiating meaningful commercial discussions.
Useful platforms include:
- Alibaba.com — https://www.alibaba.com/
- Global Sources — https://www.globalsources.com/
- Kompass — https://www.kompass.com/
- LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/
Use filters and searches such as:
- Brazil clothing importer
- Brazilian apparel wholesaler
- Brazil denim jeans manufacturer
- Textile fabric distributor Brazil
- Brazilian private-label clothing brand
- Importador de roupas Brasil
- Distribuidor de tecidos Brasil
- Fabricante de jeans Brasil
- Confecção de roupas Brasil
The Portuguese phrases are particularly useful when searching Brazilian business websites and professional profiles.
When you find a company, visit its website and determine whether it actually buys imported products. A clothing manufacturer that produces everything domestically may be less relevant than a wholesaler that already imports garments from Asia.
Do not assume that every company listed on a B2B marketplace is a genuine buyer. Verify its identity, business activity, contact details and purchasing authority before investing substantial time or money.
5. Use LinkedIn to Reach Brazilian Purchasing Decision-Makers
LinkedIn is valuable because it allows exporters to research companies and identify professionals involved in purchasing, sourcing, product development and supply-chain management.
Search for professionals using job titles such as:
- Purchasing Manager
- Procurement Manager
- Sourcing Manager
- Import Manager
- Supply Chain Manager
- Product Development Manager
- Diretor Comercial
- Gerente de Compras
- Gerente de Importação
Combine these titles with terms such as apparel, clothing, textile, denim, fashion, and Brazil.
A practical LinkedIn prospecting method
- Identify a Brazilian company that matches your product category.
- Review its product range, market positioning and distribution channels.
- Find the person responsible for purchasing or international sourcing.
- Send a personalized connection request mentioning a relevant product.
- After the connection is accepted, share a concise company introduction and product catalogue.
- Ask whether the company currently imports your product category and whether it is open to evaluating an additional supplier.
- Follow up professionally if the buyer expresses interest.
Avoid sending lengthy promotional messages immediately after connecting. A relevant, concise introduction is more appropriate than an unsolicited catalogue containing dozens of unrelated products.
6. Contact Brazilian Buyers in Portuguese
Portuguese is Brazil’s official language and the primary language of business communication for many local companies. Although some international procurement professionals communicate in English, exporters can improve accessibility by providing clear Portuguese-language materials.
Consider preparing:
- A Portuguese company profile.
- A product catalogue with clear specifications.
- A short introduction to your manufacturing capabilities.
- Product descriptions, composition and available sizes.
- Minimum order quantities and production lead times.
- Quality certifications and audit information, where applicable.
- Contact details for a representative who can respond promptly.
Use a professional translator or a qualified Portuguese-speaking business representative for important negotiations and contractual documents.
Sample buyer outreach email in Portuguese
Prezado(a) Senhor(a),
Espero que esteja bem.
Somos uma empresa exportadora de Bangladesh, especializada na fabricação e exportação de vestuário, malhas, tecidos e produtos denim para mercados internacionais.
Gostaríamos de explorar oportunidades de fornecimento para sua empresa, incluindo desenvolvimento de produtos personalizados, produção de marca própria e fornecimento conforme suas especificações e requisitos comerciais.
Podemos compartilhar nosso catálogo, especificações técnicas, informações de capacidade produtiva e uma cotação preliminar para os produtos de seu interesse.
Sua empresa está atualmente avaliando novos fornecedores internacionais para essas categorias?
Agradecemos sua atenção e ficamos à disposição para uma breve reunião virtual.
Atenciosamente,
[Nome]
[Cargo]
[Nome da Empresa]
Bangladesh
[Website] | [E-mail] | [WhatsApp]
This message is intentionally concise. Customize it with the buyer’s name, relevant product category and a specific reason for contacting the company.
7. Participate in Brazilian Textile and Fashion Trade Fairs
Trade fairs enable Bangladeshi exporters to meet potential buyers, assess market trends, demonstrate samples and develop relationships with distributors and manufacturers.
Two useful events to investigate are:
- Febratex — https://febratex.com.br/
- FebraTêxtil — https://febratextil.com.br/
Febratex focuses on the textile industry, while FebraTêxtil provides opportunities to explore textile and apparel-sector participants in São Paulo. Their suitability depends on the products you export and the types of companies attending. Check the official websites for current schedules, exhibitor directories, visitor arrangements and business-programme details.
Feira Brasileira para a Indústria Têxtil +1
How to generate buyer leads before a trade fair
Do not wait until you arrive at the exhibition venue to begin searching for buyers.
- Obtain the available exhibitor and participant lists.
- Identify brands, manufacturers, fabric distributors and sourcing businesses.
- Contact relevant companies several weeks in advance.
- Arrange meetings with purchasing managers and company representatives.
- Prepare product samples, fabric swatches, price indications and technical specifications.
- Record the requirements and next steps from every meeting.
- Follow up shortly after the event with the promised information.
Remember that not every textile trade fair is primarily a finished-garment sourcing exhibition. Assess the attendee profile before committing to travel or exhibition expenses.
8. Leverage BBCCI for Business Matchmaking and Market Entry
For Bangladeshi exporters seeking Brazilian buyers, institutional networking can complement direct prospecting.
The Brazil Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce & Industry (BBCCI) works to promote commercial relations, business networking, trade missions, investment cooperation and connections between businesses in Bangladesh and Brazil.
Through appropriate chamber activities and business contacts, exporters may explore opportunities to:
- Identify potential Brazilian importers and distributors.
- Arrange buyer–seller meetings and virtual business discussions.
- Participate in trade missions, exhibitions and business networking events.
- Understand the commercial expectations of Brazilian companies.
- Develop relationships with relevant business associations and sector stakeholders.
- Introduce Bangladeshi manufacturers to companies seeking international suppliers.
Visit the official website: Brazil Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce & Industry.
Exporters should prepare a concise company profile, product list, export experience, production capacity and target buyer criteria before requesting matchmaking assistance. This helps make introductions more relevant.
A chamber introduction does not guarantee a purchase order. Buyers must still evaluate product quality, prices, compliance, delivery capability and commercial terms.
Bangladeshi manufacturers can also consider participating in the Made in Bangladesh Expo 2027 in São Paulo, subject to the organizer’s confirmed schedule and participation arrangements. Such activities can provide a platform for promoting Bangladesh’s garments, textiles and denim to Brazilian business audiences.
9. Develop a Buyer-Ready Product Catalogue and Export Proposal
Brazilian buyers need more than attractive product photographs. They need enough technical and commercial information to evaluate whether your company can meet their requirements.
Your catalogue should be professionally designed, easy to navigate and available in English and Portuguese.
Include the following information:
- Product name, photographs and available styles.
- Fabric composition, construction and weight.
- Available colours, sizes and size charts.
- GSM specifications for knitted fabrics, where applicable.
- Denim weight, weave, composition, stretch properties and finishes.
- Minimum order quantity (MOQ) per style, colour or design.
- Sample development time and bulk production lead time.
- Monthly production capacity and available production slots.
- Quality-control procedures and relevant certifications.
- Packaging options and private-label capabilities.
- Indicative prices, quotation validity and contact details.
For denim products, provide details about fabric weight, indigo shade, stretch percentage, shrinkage, colourfastness, washing effects and finishing options where relevant.
For finished garments, clarify whether you can provide original design development, buyer-supplied designs, custom labels, printed packaging and product-specific testing.
Best practice: Create separate catalogues for denim, knitwear, woven garments and textile fabrics. A buyer looking for denim jeans should not have to search through an extensive catalogue of unrelated products.
10. Offer Samples That Demonstrate Your Manufacturing Quality
Samples are a critical step in international apparel sourcing. A Brazilian buyer may be interested in your initial quotation but will often need to evaluate the product before approving bulk production.
Prepare a sample strategy that reflects your target market.
For garments, demonstrate:
- Stitching quality and seam strength.
- Fabric hand feel, appearance and durability.
- Size consistency and measurement accuracy.
- Print, embroidery and colour quality.
- Wash performance and finishing.
- Label placement and packaging quality.
For denim, offer representative swatches and finished samples showing different fabric weights, indigo shades, stretch options, washes and garment constructions.
Ask the buyer about its preferred specification, sample quantity, shipping method and evaluation timeline before sending samples.
Document sample costs, courier expenses and any conditions under which sample charges may be credited against a future order. Never assume a buyer will reimburse these expenses unless agreed.
11. Calculate Competitive Prices and Brazil’s Landed Cost
A low factory price does not necessarily mean a competitive offer in Brazil. Import-related taxes, freight, insurance, customs clearance, port expenses and domestic distribution can significantly affect the final cost.
Brazilian importers should evaluate the total landed cost of a product, not just its free-on-board (FOB) price.
A practical quotation should consider:
- Manufacturing cost.
- Export packaging and quality inspection.
- Inland transportation in Bangladesh.
- Export documentation and port charges.
- International freight and insurance, where applicable.
- Brazilian import duties and other applicable taxes.
- Customs broker fees, port handling and domestic delivery.
- The importer’s required margin and distribution costs.
The exact calculation depends on the product’s Brazilian tariff classification, origin, customs valuation, applicable tax rules and transaction structure.
Brazil’s official Siscomex import information portal provides guidance on import procedures and administrative requirements. Importers should verify the applicable rules and any licensing requirements for the specific product before shipment.
Siscomex +1
Which Incoterms should you offer?
Commonly discussed options include:
- FOB: The seller delivers the goods on board the vessel at the agreed port, subject to the applicable Incoterms rules.
- CFR: The seller pays the freight to the named destination port, while risk transfers according to the applicable rule.
- CIF: The seller pays freight and insurance to the named destination port, with risk transferring according to the applicable rule.
For containerized shipments, FCA may be more appropriate than FOB depending on the delivery arrangement.
Always specify the named place or port and the applicable Incoterms version. Discuss the quotation with the buyer and a qualified freight forwarder before confirming the final offer.
12. Understand Brazilian Import Requirements Before Promising Delivery
Exporters should work with Brazilian importers to confirm the requirements applicable to each garment, textile or denim product.
Important checks include:
- Correct Brazilian NCM classification, based on the product’s characteristics.
- Applicable import duties and taxes.
- Import licensing or administrative controls, if required.
- Commercial invoice and packing list requirements.
- Certificate of origin or other supporting documents when applicable.
- Shipping documents and customs declaration requirements.
- Applicable product labelling, fibre-composition and consumer-information rules.
- Any buyer-specific testing, restricted-substance or sustainability requirements.
Brazil’s import procedures operate through the country’s foreign trade and customs systems. The precise requirements must be checked for the actual product rather than assumed to be identical across all apparel categories.
Siscomex +1
Bangladeshi exporters should ask the Brazilian importer or its customs broker to confirm the applicable rules before production or shipment.
Do not promise that a product is compliant simply because it has been accepted in another export market. Brazilian requirements and buyer specifications may differ.
13. Build Trust Through Quality, Compliance and Delivery Reliability
Brazilian buyers considering a new supplier may be concerned about inconsistent quality, delayed shipments, communication problems and difficulty resolving disputes.
Your sales proposal should therefore demonstrate operational reliability.
Provide accurate information about your factory, production facilities, workforce capabilities, quality-management systems and export history. Share valid certifications and audit reports when relevant and authorized.
Explain how your company manages:
- Fabric inspection and testing.
- Pre-production approvals.
- Inline and final quality inspections.
- Measurement tolerances and defect management.
- Production monitoring and shipment planning.
- Corrective actions when problems occur.
Never claim to hold a certification that your factory does not possess. If a buyer requires a particular audit or standard, confirm the cost and feasibility of meeting that requirement before accepting the order.
It is also advisable to verify the buyer’s company registration, business reputation, purchasing authority and payment capability. New customers may require credit checks, trade references or secure payment arrangements.
For first transactions, consider appropriate advance payments, documentary arrangements or other risk controls agreed with your bank and trade advisers. The correct payment structure depends on the commercial relationship and each party’s risk tolerance.
14. Follow Up Systematically to Convert Leads into Orders
Many promising buyer relationships fail because exporters do not follow up consistently.
A buyer may be interested but occupied with product development, budgeting, seasonal planning or negotiations with existing suppliers. A structured follow-up process helps keep the discussion active without becoming intrusive.
An example follow-up schedule is:
| Timing | Recommended action |
| Day 1 | Send a personalized introduction and relevant catalogue. |
| Day 4–5 | Follow up briefly if there is no response. |
| Day 10–14 | Share a relevant product, specification or indicative quotation. |
| Week 3–4 | Ask whether the buyer has a sourcing requirement or preferred sampling process. |
| After a meeting | Send a summary of agreed specifications, responsibilities and next steps. |
| After sample delivery | Request structured feedback and clarify any required modifications. |
This schedule is a practical starting point, not a fixed rule. Adapt it to the buyer’s preferences and stop promotional follow-ups when requested.
Track your progress using a spreadsheet or customer relationship management (CRM) system. Record contact dates, replies, sample requests, quotations, negotiations and expected next actions.
Measure meaningful outcomes, such as qualified leads, buyer meetings, sample approvals, quotations requested and purchase orders received—not merely the number of emails sent.
15. Common Mistakes to Avoid When Searching for Brazilian Buyers
Bangladeshi exporters should avoid the following mistakes:
Targeting the wrong companies. A business that sells clothing domestically may not import products or purchase from external manufacturers.
Sending generic messages. Buyers are more likely to respond when the offer relates to their products, market position and purchasing needs.
Ignoring Portuguese. Poorly adapted communication can create unnecessary friction during initial contact and technical discussions.
Quoting without calculating landed cost. A competitive FOB price may still result in an unattractive import cost.
Providing incomplete specifications. Vague descriptions make it difficult for buyers to compare products and approve samples.
Making unsupported claims. Misrepresenting capacity, certifications, delivery dates or previous customers can damage credibility.
Ignoring payment risk. Do not accept large orders without checking the buyer and agreeing on appropriate payment protections.
Failing to follow up. An initial email is only the beginning of a potential business relationship.
Trying to sell every product to every buyer. Product specialization makes prospecting more relevant and helps position your company as a capable supplier.
16. A Practical 90-Day Plan to Find Brazilian Buyers
A focused three-month programme can help a Bangladeshi exporter build a qualified pipeline and begin serious buyer discussions.
Days 1–30: Prepare and research
- Select one or two priority product categories.
- Research Brazil’s import trends and relevant HS codes.
- Identify 50–100 potential buyers.
- Verify company websites and purchasing contacts.
- Prepare Portuguese and English catalogues.
- Establish product specifications, MOQs and indicative prices.
Days 31–60: Contact and qualify
- Contact selected buyers through email and LinkedIn.
- Research additional prospects through trade directories.
- Arrange virtual meetings with interested companies.
- Qualify purchasing requirements and import capabilities.
- Send targeted quotations and samples when appropriate.
- Explore relevant chamber introductions and trade events.
Days 61–90: Negotiate and convert
- Follow up on quotations and sample feedback.
- Revise specifications and pricing where commercially viable.
- Verify serious buyers and agree on payment protections.
- Confirm compliance, shipping and delivery arrangements.
- Negotiate trial orders and document agreed terms.
- Review results and prioritize the most promising prospects.
The objective is to build a repeatable export-sales process. Actual results will depend on product competitiveness, buyer demand, the quality of outreach and the time required for sourcing decisions.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. How can I find Brazilian buyers for Bangladeshi garments?
Start by selecting your target garment category, researching Brazilian import trends, identifying relevant importers and fashion brands, and contacting purchasing decision-makers. Use LinkedIn, B2B platforms, business directories, trade fairs and appropriate chamber networks to develop qualified leads.
2. Where can I find Brazilian textile importers?
Search international trade databases, Brazilian business directories, textile-sector association websites and exhibition exhibitor lists. Verify whether each prospect imports fabric or related products and whether its purchasing requirements match your manufacturing capabilities.
3. How can Bangladeshi denim exporters approach Brazilian buyers?
Prepare a specialized denim catalogue showing fabric composition, weight, stretch, shades, finishes and production capabilities. Target denim brands, jeans manufacturers, clothing importers and private-label businesses. Offer relevant samples and provide accurate technical specifications.
4. Do Brazilian buyers require Portuguese-language catalogues?
Not every buyer requires one, but a Portuguese catalogue can improve accessibility and help communicate product specifications. Providing materials in both Portuguese and English is a practical approach.
5. What is the best way to contact Brazilian clothing importers?
Use a combination of personalized email, LinkedIn outreach, referrals, trade events and business matchmaking. Identify the relevant purchasing professional, explain your product fit, and request a short discussion about sourcing requirements.
6. What documents are needed to export garments from Bangladesh to Brazil?
Typical export documentation may include a commercial invoice, packing list, transport document and relevant origin documentation. Additional requirements depend on the product, applicable rules, shipment and buyer. Confirm the complete document list with your freight forwarder and Brazilian importer before shipping.
7. Can BBCCI help Bangladeshi exporters find Brazilian buyers?
The Brazil Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce & Industry can be a useful channel for exploring business networking, market connections, trade missions and buyer–seller matchmaking opportunities. Exporters should contact the chamber to discuss available activities and the suitability of potential introductions.
Conclusion:
Finding Brazilian buyers for Bangladeshi garments, textiles and denim requires a combination of market research, targeted prospecting, product readiness, competitive pricing and professional relationship management.
Bangladeshi manufacturers should begin by identifying the right buyer segments, analysing import data, building a verified prospect database and preparing detailed product information. They should then engage purchasing decision-makers through Portuguese-language outreach, LinkedIn, trade fairs and business networks.
Equally important is understanding landed costs, import requirements, quality expectations, payment risks and delivery commitments. These factors determine whether an initial conversation can develop into a sustainable commercial relationship.
The most effective strategy is to approach the Brazilian market with a clear product focus, reliable information and a disciplined follow-up process.
For exporters seeking to expand their international reach, the Brazil Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce & Industry offers a relevant institutional platform to explore business connections and bilateral trade-promotion opportunities.
Ready to explore Brazilian buyers for your garments, textiles or denim products? Visit brazilbangladeshchamber.com to learn more about BBCCI and its work promoting trade and business cooperation between Bangladesh and Brazil.